Marketing and College Admissions - 1982 Words

For centuries, studying at a university has been a common notion that many young people aspired to. With time, this idea grew to become an expected step in the lives of young adults. Regardless of how regular and expected this life decision may seem, the decision to attend a particular institution to pursue one’s postsecondary education is quite possibly the most important decision one will make in their early adulthood. However, these choices and decisions are only as good as the information on which they are based. So what can schools do to make sure that they remain on the radar for prospective students? More importantly, what can small private liberal arts colleges, like Salem College, do to compete with big name public†¦show more content†¦Each step in the system should involve some form of contact that has a â€Å"specific action-oriented, measurable task† (College Recruitment Practices, n.d.). The goals in these systems can range from simply encoura ging a campus visit early in the funnel process, to eventually attempting to get the applicant to send in their confirmation. These thoughts can be communicated in a variety of ways, but studies show that there are certain methods of communication that are much more effective. The most successful methods of contact are mail, telephone, electronic media, and personal contact. However, an important note is that these methods of communication are only effective if they are made on the personal level and the prospective student can feel the one-on-one connection building between them and the people at the institution. It is important for the process to individualized; throughout the college search process students are likely to become cultured consumers as they filter through the massive amounts of information that they are bombarded with—this can be very overwhelming and numerous studies and surveys have found that students are likely to ignore all forms of communication tha t are not explicitly directed towards them, personally. The absolute most effective recruitment technique is for an admissions counselor to visitShow MoreRelatedTrends Of College Admissions : Katherine O Malley. Arizona State University1510 Words   |  7 Pages Trends in College Admissions Katherine O’Malley Arizona State University One of the key components in higher education enrollment management in a public, four-year university is the admissions process. With encouragement from many sources such as friends, family, and college marketing materials, high school juniors and seniors apply and enroll in college by the thousands each year (McDonough, 1994). College choice is greater now than twenty years ago, but finding the right fitRead MoreThe Standard Training Model Is Significant For The Workshop1261 Words   |  6 PagesMany of AI forum sessions were productive. Priest, Kaufman, Brunton Seibel (2013) found that AI forum can be used as a model to lead change in a variety of organizational situations. AI forum has evolved into a regulatory approach to change. Admissions recruiters shared dialogue consisting of opinions on social media usages with ideas they felt would allow them to witness a new level of early interest from students admitted from their territories. The recruiters wanted their messaging con tentRead MoreEssay On College Career944 Words   |  4 PagesCollege and Career Research Paper When I graduate highschool, I will be attend Georgia Southern University on a full ride with soccer and academic scholarships. I plan to receive my degree in business and marketing, and with that degree and marketing experience, I will become a marketing manager. I am excited to start this new chapter of my life and can’t wait! To start the next chapter in my life, I need to first apply and get accepted into Georgia Southern University. According to the GeorgiaRead MoreThe Responsibilities And Responsibilities Of A Senior President Of Enrollment Management852 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction For the past four years I have been working as an Admissions Counselor and Recruiter. I have found my passion in working with students and guiding students throughout their transition into college. 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In a study, Whitehead, Raffan, and Deaney (2006) shared significant information from their research that addresses factors that influence the student admissions process. The researchers found four dimensions associated with the student decision toRead MoreUniversity of West Alabama927 Words   |  4 Pagesin Accounting involves: 39 semester hours from the Business Professionals component including: Accounting principles, business law and communications, statistics, finance, business management practices, operations and strategic management, marketing and management information systems. 30 semesters hours from the Accounting Professionals component involving: Cost accounting, computer based accounting systems, understanding Federal income tax, auditing, advanced accounting and advanced businessRead MoreHuntingdon College. Huntingdon College Has A Tiny Campus1017 Words   |  5 PagesHuntingdon College Huntingdon College has a tiny campus of only three acres in a pleasant neighborhood of Montgomery, Alabama. The campus is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Around 1,100 students attend the traditional day and adult evening degree completion programs. Students from almost every county in the state attend Huntingdon College. Huntingdon College is consistently listed among the top best colleges in the region. They are a member of the Tree Campus USA program. TheRead MoreThe, Division, And Place Mr. Crouse1391 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Chart Mr. Crouse Jr is the vice president for enrollment management/dean of admissions of Mount Aloysius College. He reports directly to the college president, Dr. Foley. Mr. Crouse is at the top of his organizational structure, which he provided me at the conclusion of the interview. 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Brazil Geography and Culture Free Essays

Brazil: Geography and Culture Geography Brazil with a background of Portuguese colonialism back in 1500 is the largest nation in Latin America, nearly half (47%) of the South American continent, comprises slightly under half of the land mass in South America continent and share border with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador. Brazil size is almost the size of United States excluding Alaska. Brazil has 13 cities with over one million residents. We will write a custom essay sample on Brazil Geography and Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main capital is Brasilia, Brazil has 13 cities with over one million residents. Three important cities in Brazil including Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Salvador. Brazil is a diverse country with ethnic groups including: 54% European, 39% mixed European-African, 6% Africa, 1% other. The physical environment in each region determined the types of crops grown or the resources extracted and this, in turn, influenced the populations that settled there and the social and economic systems that developed. Brazil’s economic history, in fact, has been marked by a succession of cycles, each one based on the exploitation of a single export commodity: timber (brazilwood) in the first years of colonization; sugarcane in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; precious metals (gold) and gems (diamonds) in the eighteenth century; and finally, coffee in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Northeast Region has about 53. 6 million people, which represents 28% of the total number in the whole country. Most of the population lives in the urban area, althourgh, about 15 million people lives in the sertao. Its famous in Brazil by its hot wheather, beautiful beaches, rich culture, the sertao and to be the birthplace of the country. The biggest cities are Salvador, Fortaleza and Recife, which are the regional metropolitan areas of the Nordeste, all with a population above a million inhabitants. The Central-West Region is composed of the states of Goias, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul; along with Distrito Federal (Federal District), where Brazil’s national capital, Brasilia, is situated. This Region is right in the heart of Brazil, representing 18. 86% of the national territory. The Southeast Region of Brazil is composed by the states of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. It is the richest region of the country, responsible for approximately 60% of the Brazilian GDP. The Southern Region of Brazil is one of the five administrative regions of Brazil. It includes the states of Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul and covers 576,300. km ? , being the smallest portion of the country. It is a great tourist, economic and cultural pole. It borders Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay as well as the Center-West Region, the Southeast Region and the Atlantic Ocean. The region received large numbers of people European immigrants during the 19th century, who have had a large influence on its demography and culture. The main ethnic groups of Southern Brazil are Brazilians of Italian, Portuguese a nd German descent. Today Brazil is justifiably famous for the Amazon River; Carnival in Rio; the beaches of Copacabana and Ipanema; its many champion soccer teams, and of course, for the amazing collection of organized diversity that makes it one of the most significant and important countries on the face of the planet. Brazil Culture The population of Brazil was about 194 million, the sixth largest in the world after China, India, the United States, Indonesia, and the Russian Federation. Despite its large population, Brazil’s demographic density is relatively low. Although there has been significant population movement into the interior in recent decades, about 80 percent of all Brazilians still live within two hundred miles of the Atlantic coast. Unlike many other Latin American countries where there is a distinct Indian population, Brazilians have intermarried to the point that it sometimes seems that almost everyone has a combination of o European, African and indigenous ancestry. Many original Portuguese settlers married native women, which created a new race, called ‘mestizos’. Mulattoes’ are descendants of the Portuguese and African slaves. Despite the mixing of ethnicities, there is a class system in Brazil. Class is determined by economic status and skin colour. Few Brazilians could be described as racist, although social discrimination based on skin colour is a daily occurrence. People with darker brown skin are economically and socially disadvantaged. Many senior and middle ranking Brazilian business executives speak excellent English and in fact, many of them may have studied abroad in the USA or Europe. However, English is not spoken when dealing with people outside the major commercial centres, an ability to speak Brazilian Portuguese is extremely useful. The official language of Brazil is Portuguese; however, there are more than 180 native languages spoken in the country. It is also important to note that Brazil is the only country in South America whose dominant language and culture comes from Portugal. Aside from a small number of recently contacted indigenous peoples, all Brazilians speak Portuguese. Brazilian Portuguese differs somewhat in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation from the language of Portugal. Brazilian Portuguese contains a large number of indigenous terms, particularly words for native plants, animals, and place-names are not found in continental Portuguese. While regional accents exist in Brazil, they are not very pronounced and native Portuguese speakers from one region have no difficulty understanding those from other regions. The vast majority of Brazilians are monolingual in Portuguese, although many middle-class and elite Brazilians study English and to a lesser extent Spanish, French, and German. Brazilians are very proud of their linguistic heritage and resent that many foreigners, particularly North Americans, think Brazilians speak Spanish. However, anybody wishing to do business with Brazil and the Brazilians should be aware of the various cultural and structural barriers, which might confront them. Probably the most pervasive barrier encountered by the unwary traveller would be the ‘Custo Basil’ or the ‘Brazil Cost’. This term refers to the very real extra costs of doing business in Brazil — corruption, governmental inefficiency, legal and bureaucratic complications, excessive taxation, poor infrastructure, inflation etc. Although this ‘costa’ is difficult to define and has lessened in recent years, it  remains real and the cause of great frustration for international business people. Due to this ‘Custo Brasil’, it is important to work closely with local lawyers and accountants. Many people have found the services of local intermediaries (despachante) extremely useful in overcoming many of the unfathomable local complexities. The official religion in Brazil is Roman Catholic; there are more Catholics in Brazil than in any other country in the world. As with any other country in the world, Brazil is a melting pot of different religions. In fact, due to the diversity of its cultures and its heritage, this country boasts an array of religious ideals and affiliations. Interestingly, recent censuses have revealed that around 90% of the Brazilian population subscribe to some religious ideal, making it more religiously inclined than any other South American country. Only around 1% of its population do not believe in a God, or a supreme being in some form or another. Catholicism was introduced to Brazil when the European settlers arrived with the aim of ‘civilising’ the local native people. They built churches and brought religious leaders into the country to teach young and old alike the doctrines of Catholicism. During the 19th century, Catholicism was made the official religion of Brazil. This meant that Catholic priests were paid a salary by the government, including them in the political affairs of the country. As such, Catholicism became an integral part of the management and administration of Brazil and its people. Many of the Brazilian festivals are based on the Catholic religion. Other religions (non-Christian origin) includes Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, Jehovah’s Witnessm Shinto, Rastafarian, Candomble, Umbanda and 1% of its population do not believe in God or supreme being in some form or another. Why Brazil? With a population of 194 million, Brazil represents the fifth largest market opportunity in the world after China, India, Indonesia and United States of America. It is also the fifth largest country in the world by geographic size. Not only that, Brazil is a land of rich in natural resources such as iron ore, bauxite, manganese, nickel, uranium, gold, gemstones, oil and timber. Combine these facts with the stabilising economic and political landscape, this is why Brazil attracts a higher percentage of total global foreign direct investment every year. So, as with many countries, the opportunities are there and they are real but, it is essential to understand the local business landscape if want to do business in Brazil. Regardless in what sector banking, computing or pharmaceuticals, local knowledge is important. Today, Brazil has one of the largest economies in the Americas and is the largest in South America. References: 1. http://geography. bout. com/od/specificplacesofinterest/a/geographyofbraz. htm 2. http://www. justbrazil. com/site/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=94Itemid=119 3. http://geography. about. com/od/brazilmaps/a/brazilfacts. htm 4. http://www. brazil. org. za/brazil-culture. html 5. http://www. everyculture. com/Bo-Co/Brazil. html#b 6. http://www. mapsofworld. com/south-america/culture/brazil. html 7. http://www. worldbusiness culture. com/Brazilian-Business-Communication-Style. html 8. http://www. brazil. org. za/religion. html How to cite Brazil Geography and Culture, Essay examples

Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Answer: Introduction Most of the structures have turned out to be more effective and differently balanced through enhancements of plan of building them and the application each hold. The parts and effect of the materials used to develop some of the building turns out to be more vital, especially like those which have finished their life span. In this essay, it does take a gander at the part of some of the materials choice and the present strategies for evaluating their natural effects. It looks at the CH2-Council house 2 which is situated at 240 little Collins street I Melbourne. These materials choice and evaluation for the City of Melbourne's CH2 working all through its outline stage are inspected to feature problems and difficulties, and the way they could be settled. Concrete is utilized for instance to exhibit the impacts and results of the basic leadership forms utilized as a part of the CH2 venture. The amalgamation for economic partnership and development deliberated in 2004 and 2005 that structures devour for each currency of accessible crude materials and for each currency of vitality, create for every currency of our emanations to air, and for each money of waste to landfill. In Australia, the constructed condition likewise represents around 15 for each currency of our utilization of drinking water[1]. Additional, the resources in a structure could altogether influence social wellbeing. The interior look of numerous contaminations, the CH2 revealed, maybe 4 and 50 intervals advanced more than outdoor intensities. The interior appearance contaminati ons are essentially emanations from appropriate resources and certain structure resources. Resources ought to be picked utilizing the customary plan progression of lessen - reuse - reuse, going for solid indoor air, asset preservation and minimization of waste and emanations[2]. The 60L building is a main case of an economically suitable building that has effectively consolidated ecologically supportable building rehearses with business substances over its lime rent. The 50L site features important rule, which directed the advancement and activities on resources: Unique expanding on the places were not leveled but rather were mostly disassembled with the goal that current resources would be utilized. Wooden surface spars and floorboards were utilized, as they were blocks, coated allotments and the greater part of the ancient structure structure, and additionally the legacy recorded exterior. Materials poured at 70L were utilizing a 50-liter for each penny-reused total (for this situation, pounded concrete recovered from different structures); Wooden openings and entrance jambs stayed manufactured after reused tools, as remained different things, for example, strengthening steel and covers (reused synthetics). Most pastes, cements, sealants and fillers regularly utilized as a part of structures produce exceedingly lethal gasses. Utilization of these was limited wherever practicable[3]. 70 litters utilizes around 60 litters for each penny less PVC than an average business working of a similar magnitude and utilize. Pipes were wiped out after liquid channels, electrical conductors and nimble fixtures. Where new materials should have been utilized, inclination was given to reused and recyclable items, for example, blocks, timber, steel and copper. Inside the Town Assembly's transitory for CH2 incorporated the accompanying restrictions. The structure was to remain a beacon for forthcoming urban improvements. This was to give an agreeable, versatile and fortifying workplace the clients, the workers at the Town Assembly. It is to be seen and comprehended to react to its common and in addition its social condition and to make utilization of assets remembering the proficient utilization of encapsulated vitality both in the selection of materials and during the time spent their utilization[4]. It ought to boost the utilization of sustainable power source inside the limits of present innovation by reaping daylight, water together with these difficulties at the citys atmosphere, through after these standards the structure ought to decrease carbon emanations to very nearly zero. It ought to likewise give at any rate an indistinguishable region of green cover from its impression, remembering that this region can be measured vertically a nd in addition on a level plane. Finally, as a masterpiece, the building ought to move another connection amid the Town and its landscape. Among the results of the first instructions procedures were the advancement of an 'exhaustive materials appraisal procedures that intended to reflect the important natural parts of the substantial yet with four all-encompassing needs[5]. Usage and devotion to the guideline of most minimal lifespan charge for the expected 50 life time(that is augmenting toughness, limiting substitution, expanding practicality). Minimizing exemplified vitality and use of privately developed, sourced or fabricated items and materials. A 'complete materials appraisal process' was first expressly tended to next four months plan Charente toward the beginning of the venture. The structural outline procedure normally began from preparatory or schematic plan, truly the pattern or harsh position of places and forms, via to plan improvement that structures are regularly attracted to gauge and settle in certain part, to deal with certification that includes the certification of the undertaking in altogether regards to permit its development. There is no uncertainty the comprehensive particular process for CH2 has lessened the ecological weight related with its development. [6]The case of cement alone demonstrates critical ozone depleting substance sparing. Additional important cases of likely advantages comprise. Negligible utilization of forest and great protection esteem timberlands for a great part of the wooden development, via utilizing reused timbers. Abridged exemplified vitality after the utilization of 90 for each penny post-purchaser reused content steel for support. Design for lessened materials utilize, adaptability and demount ability in the fit-out. Notwithstanding funds in capital development, this is probably going to bring about compound reserve funds through maintained a strategic distance from utilization and waste amid beat[7]. Investments of venture accentuation on determination for 90-year lifespan price ideal, with its accentuation on strength. Exact measurement of natural reserve funds are maintained in a strategic distance from effects which might be conceivable when a review was attempted. That probably going to be topic for the forthcoming investigation. Upto day, it largely apprehended the working vitality necessities remained by a wide margin best natural effect via lifespan of a working, through working vitality surpassing vitality it receipts to develop a normal business working in as meager as ten to twenty years. They call attention to that as structures turn out to be all the more operationally proficient, the relative natural effect of building materials utilized as a part of their development is more noteworthy once more[8]. Furthermore, materials have different effects and vitality. It comprise of: Environment debasement emerging after classification, excavating, conveyance, squander abandoning and contamination from different phases of removal, creation and transfer[9]. Corrosion of regular wealth via utilization of generally resources. Greenhouse gas emanations from transportation, creation, establishment and obliteration/transfer. Lack of development influences in different territories of the budget motivated by the rehearses utilized as a part of the development business (for example squander). As the development business constitutes a vast level of aggregate financial action in many nations, its effect extends into other numerous different ventures. Materials choice, even in lime ventures, is regularly well-thought-out at the plan improvement organize, or diminish certification stage. A mix of stylish/practical/price motorists and the fashioners' nature with comprehensively accessible items pushes certain and unequivocal choices: In any case, the normal procedure could convey a great budget since it limits the biological effects of people constructing resources. For instance, it is basic manufacturing rehearsal to utilize plasterboard or fiber-bond cover to line the dividers of most present day structures. The training permits links, pipes and administrations to be steered over the constructing building yet covered up by the divider and roof wraps up[10]. Nevertheless, this can wipe out chances to utilize the viable warm form of a solid construction. Unique outline of administrations and development is necessary for a solid building as the wrap up. This is not rather promptly done after diagram plan. It likewise neglects to deliberate the lifespan series effects of these coating substrates and a heap of rehearses understood in their utilization, for example, supplanting and repainting surfaces that are effectively stamped and scraped. The procedure utilized by the CH2 configuration group went for turning around the way materials and ESD were managed in development. Noteworthy accentuation on ESD issues was put on each development undertaking, now and again to the detriment the spending plan and program. Thus, the development procedure and connection between the customer and the building temporary worker was more unpredictable. One conceivable motivation behind why the development of CH2 was more ordinary is because of the recently created Green Star rating framework, which furnishes manufacturers with a deliberate reason for basic leadership on ESD issues. On account, of the Green Star structure it was a bit much for each choice to be contended inside a natural system giving the Green Star appraisals were not traded off. The ESD of the building includes solar power, which has helped to save on energy. The green energy is good for the environment. The water system has been constructed in a way there is no wastage so as to conserve water. The sort of technology contract chose for the conveyance of a venture significantly affects the accomplishment of creating and executing a green plan. Due to much use of technology, there is less use of green energy. Additional time is required at the outline stage to completely coordinate ESD configuration highlights, and this must be reflected in the kind of venture contract chose. Imaginative green innovations utilizing less normal materials and strategies are harder to record ahead of time of offering for a customary contract. Best practice relies upon where items are sourced from, transport expenses and assembling techniques. In the underlying Charente phase of CH2 the plan group exhibited a proposition for dialog and useful feedback that utilized a solid structure as a broad warm mass and sought after collaboration, genuineness and straightforwardness in materials utilized[11]. Synergy: get numerous advantages from a substantial. For instance, by utilizing the construction as a warm physique and solid completed superficial. Morality: utilize resources for their tasteful and other inherent possessions, look for not dressed, coat or conceal them. Ease: straightforward is superior to multifaceted. Solid resources are less demanding to look after, reparation, and reuse than covered, stuck, compound items. This approach, as per designing, emphatically influenced from the beginning the outline group's theory and tasteful for CH2 to be profoundly not quite the same as numerous contemporary 'Review A' business structures. It would be the beginning of imaginative believing that brought about a striking choice of materials and completes all through the venture[12]. Conclusion Emerald structure is at a fact wherever around a considerable measure of knowledge for all included. All new venture adds to this information and conveys advantages to the earth and group. The CH2 venture shows the significance of proceeded with instruction of planners, the development business and the item manufacturing. This essay has shown the difficulties and chances of incorporating naturally mindful resources into a structure venture[13]. Openings be in choosing resources that have low effects in their fabricate and use, and in addition life span in their feel and intrinsic qualities, for example, quality and recyclability.[14] References ABS (2010), Water Account for Australia. Cat. No. 4610.0., Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Anderson Shiers (2012) The green guide to housing specification 3rd ed Oxford: Blackwell Science. BedZED (2011) BedZED Eco-village development facts and statistics, Bioregional Development Group, viewed 29/01/2005 Cole, RJ Kernan, PC (2016), 'Life-cycle energy use in office buildings', Building and Environment, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 307-17. Curwell Steve (2012) Hazardous Building Materials: A Guide to the Selection of Environmentally Responsible, London: EFN Spon Press. Froeschle Lawrence (2009), 'Environmental Assessment and Specification of Green Building Materials', The Construction Specifier, p. 53. Roodman, DM Lenssen, N (2015), A Building Revolution: How Ecology and Health Concerns are Transforming Construction, Worldwatch Institute, Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. Scheuer, C, Keoleian, GA Reppe, P (2013), 'Life cycle energy and environmental performance of a new university building: modelling challenges and design implications', Energy and Buildings, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1049-64. Suzuki oka, (2008), 'Estimation of life cycle energy consumption and CO2 emission of office buildings in Japan', Energy and Buildings, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 33-41. Berge Beryl (2010), Ecology of Building Materials, Oxford: Architectural Press. Buchanan AH Levine SB (2009) Wood based building materials and atmospheric carbon emissions, Environmental Science and Policy, vol. 2, pp. 427-437. Cole, RJ (1998), Energy and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the construction of alternative structural systems', Building and Environment, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 335-48. Cole Robert Kernan Patrict (2016), 'Life-cycle energy use in office buildings', Building and Environment, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 307-17. Treloar Gertrude (2009)Embodied energy analysis of fixtures, fittings and furniture in office buildings, Facilities vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 403-409. Treloar, G.J. (2016) Indirect embodied energy pathways of the Australian residential building sector, Proceedings CIB TG16, TG8, W99 and W82 Research Symposium, RMIT, Melbourne, February, 8. US Environmental Protection Agency, (2014) Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Terms, US Environmental Protection Agency, viewed 31/01/2005

Study of a Child with Autism free essay sample

She was born on January 10, 2001 and the eldest of two siblings. In 2008, because of continued concerns with her being Mikhail, she was brought to DRP. Pangolin, a child neurologist. She was diagnosed with mild Florentine seizures and was prescribed Keeper MGM/day. In June 2011, she was brought to another child neurologist, DRP. Lucian for follow up. She was advised to continue medications and take a follow up EGG. She was further referred by her pediatrician to DRP. Mark Resin Cruz for developmental assessment. The initial impression was Intellectual Disability and he recommended SPED schooling for her. Likewise, because she is of school age, she was also referred to Psyched, Inc. For Psycho educational Evaluation to determine her current level of cognitive and academic functioning. Ajax, (as she is fondly called) was able to crawl at 4 months, gave her first smile at 5 months, was able to sit by 7 months, talked by 8 months, walked by 11 months and ran at 1 year and 9 months old. We will write a custom essay sample on Study of a Child with Autism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She spoke phrases by 2 years of age and was able to speak in complete sentences at 4 years of age. Jail is a fair complexioned 11 year old girl, of light build with black eyes and long hair. According to her mother, her immunization are complete and hearing and visual screening results are normal. She has a pleasant personality and seems to be in a happy mood at all times. According to Finland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VASS) test, she was rated as mildly deficient in the colonization domain (age equivalent of 5 years and 7 months). With her interpersonal relationships, she is able to identify others, responds to social communication and make her own friends. She has a best friend of the same gender. She also initiates social small talk when meeting acquaintances. She remembers birthdays of friends and family, but does not yet make or buy small gifts for them. She still has difficulty maintaining cooperative relationships with friends and tends to insist on getting her own way. For play and leisure, Jail watches television, listens to the radio for entertainment and is able to follow simple game rules without being reminded. She participates in non-school sports such as badminton. For coping skills, she is able to keep secrets or confidences and uses appropriate table manners. However, she still has difficulty controlling anger and hurt feelings as well as apologizing for hurting other peoples feelings. Furthermore, according to the Teacher Report Form completed by two of her teachers, the consistently identified problem areas were on the social relationships, thought problems, attention problems and rule breaking behavior. Items rated often true by all three respondents were: Doesnt get along with other kids, Cant get her mind off certain thoughts; obsessions, Fails to finish things she starts Cant concentrate, pay attention for long, Poor school work, Inattentive or early distracted, Lying or cheating. The ADAPT (Draw-a- Person) test showed her to be Test) which provides information about attitudes and socio emotional well being, her responses indicated generally positive attitudes towards the self, family and friends and also some concern about school performance. However, her mother reported that her strengths include being affectionate, kind and loving. On the VIM tests, her visual motor integration skills were within the 4th percentile for her age range. Her score was within the low performance range and she performed at the level of 6 years and 2 months. Her performance indicated much difficulty on this task. She had problems with reproducing angled and AD shapes. She was right handed and held the pencil in a tripod grasp with closed web space. Based on the Finland Adaptive Behavior Scale(VASS) test given to her, she was rated as mildly deficient in the communication domain (age equivalent of 7 years and 5 months). She is able to point to body parts, follow instructions requiring two actions, and can listen to the teacher for at least 5 minutes. She is able to attend to entertaining materials for at least 60 minutes and attends to school or public lecture for more than 15 minutes. She is able o speak in full sentences and use plural nouns and verb tense. She is able to give information about herself such as age and birthday. However, she has some difficulty with expressing complex ideas. She is able to write in cursive most of the time and writes short notes or messages. She also reads books of at least fourth grade level when asked to do so. However, she does not use reading materials such as dictionary, and does not read on her own initiative. Based on the Kauffman Test of Educational Achievement Second Edition (STEAK-II), her letter and word recognition skills were thin Below Average to Average range and performance was comparable to mid grade 2 level. Reading comprehension skills were within Lower Extreme to Below Average range and performance was comparable to mid -Grade 1 level. She was able to read single words and point to pictures depicting the word but has difficulty with understanding one-sentence instructions despite being able to read the sentence. She also has difficulty answering both literal and inferential questions. It indicates that she has difficulty with understanding the details of what she has read and analyzing/making conclusions about the passage. Spelling skills were within Below Average to Average range. Her performance was comparable to mid-Grade 3 level. She was able to spell words in the skill areas of single/double consonant, consonant digraph, long vowel and r-controlled vowel. She committed errors of insertion and omission of syllables which performance indicates difficulty with grade level spelling tasks. Written expression skills were within Lower Extreme to Below Average range and performance was comparable to early Grade 1 level. She was able to write name but had difficulty writing sentences in English. She performed below expected range n for sentence structure, grammar, capitalization and punctuation. She also exhibited weakness in producing comprehensible and functionally effective writing that adhered to task. Her writing suggests gaps in wore usage or semantics, proper sentence construction and overall verbal sophistication in English. Upon administration of the Stanford Bines Intelligence Scale Fifth Edition (SUB-5), Jail obtained a full Scale IQ range of 49-57 which placed her level of cognitive functioning within the Mild to Moderate range of Mental Retardation. Fluid Reasoning (FRR) abilities were within the Mild to Moderate range. She had difficulty in solving problems using words and language concepts and problems using pictorial or figural patterns. The Knowledge Abilities (AKA) tests were within the Mild to Moderate MR. . She had difficulty defining words and responded mostly in single words. Likewise, she had more difficulty with demonstrating procedural knowledge when presented with pictures of objects and asked to show what she should do with the objects. Her Quantitative Reasoning (CRY) abilities were in the Mild MR. to Low Average range; she had difficulty with numbers and number concepts. She was able to answer a single-digit addition problem. She was inconsistent in solving simple addition and subtraction word problems. She was able to demonstrate an understanding of single-digit number quantities and increasing quantity and with recognizing number patterns. Her Visual-spatial Processing (VSP) abilities were within the Mild MR. to Borderline range. She had difficulty seeing patterns, relationships, spatial orientations or the gestalt whole among the diverse pieces of a visual display. She was able to show understanding of simple positions such as front and behind. However she had more difficulty with directions and positions in relation to a reference point. She was able to fit simple geometric shapes into their correct slot in the form board. She was also able to complete simple patterns by moving plastic pieces into place; however, she had more difficulty with completing complex patterns. Her Working Memory (WHOM) ability was within the Mild to Moderate MR. range. Immediate auditory memory for rote material was below average and likewise immediate visual memory. She had difficulty storing and immediate recalling both verbal and non verbal information. In the visual associative memory test, Jail performed within below average and she was unable to recognize paired familiar objects. On the delayed visual memory, her scores were within average range. She was able to recognize paired familiar objects and unrelated objects. She was diagnosed with mild epileptic seizures in 2008 and was prescribed medications to prevent convulsions; however, shes not taking any medication as of the present. She does not manifest any maladaptive behaviors. Jail was adopted at 3 days of age. Her biological mother reportedly chain smoked throughout her pregnancy. Her nutritional status was questionable. Jail was born via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and was born full term but an unknown birth eight. Jail live with her parents who are both college graduates. They work with the Philippine National Police and run their own franchise business. She has a 4 year old brother whom she loved dearly. She resides in a lower income class community in Tagging, approximately 5 kilometers away from Boniface Global City. The area is densely populated and most of the residents are in the military service (active or retired). However, 80% of the populace were migrants families who have transferred to the place due to demolition and relocation by the government. Crimes of all sorts are very rampant in heir community and most perpetrators are either ex military men, ex policemen or unemployed youth. Her school is a Just a few kilometers away from her home and is within walking distance. Jail lives with a cousin, way and other house helpers. Jags parents have the same reaction with others who learned that their child has a disability shock, remorse, denial and finally acceptance. The feeling that they had had to overcome these feelings to help their child. Ajax, because of hardheadedness most of the times, received spanking as discipline. At times, they would Just ignore her wrongdoings because of her disability. She loves her brother very much and acts like the big sister to him. She easily makes friends but loses them as easily because of her moody attitude. She would pick up a fight when she does not get her way or does not know how to cope in a situation. She would also do the same with a cousin and their house helps. When at home she would watch TV or listen to music in her cell phone. She would also visit friends who live nearby or would go to the mall with them. Her daily routine starts as she wake up at 6:00 in the morning, takes a bath, change into her school clothes and eat breakfast as she rush to her 7:maam class which would be until 12:pm. After school and having lunch, she would laze around and watch TV and after a while listen to music. According to her mother, she never opens her textbooks nor do her assignments even with constant reprimanding. During Saturdays and Sundays, she would stay at home or would invite friends over to her house. At times, she would visit friends who live nearby and go to the mall. She has a dog and a rabbit but she spends most of her time listening to music in her cell phone. Ajax, fit the general profile of a child with mental retardation. A lot of factors indexed her growth and development as an individual. Firstly, she was born by a mother who obviously posed a health risk to her unborn child during her pregnancy because of chain smoking. Majority of children who are born by chain smoking mothers even in their pregnancy developmental disorders. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also called ADD, occurs more frequently in children of mothers who smoked. Studies have identified a range of other behavioral and cognitive problems associated with maternal smoking, including a 50 percent increase in rates of mental retardation (D Thompson, Jar. ND L Marcella, MD, MPH 2011). Secondly, she was diagnosed with the disability at a later age. Thirdly, because she was diagnosed at a later age, it was obvious that no intervention was done to address her disability. Her educational program did not provide her the intervention she needed in preschool and sadly no intervention was still done during her elementary. She was simply dismissed as being Mikhail, hyperactive and a slow learner. Her school FAILED MISERABLY in identifying her behavioral problems and learning difficulties. Fourthly, the fact that her parents both worked full time and jack the time to personally supervise her as she is growing up and have dismissed her behaviors and academic performance to her immaturity may have contribute further to her disability. These factors further widened the gap in her cognitive deficits and hindered her to somehow reach her optimal development as she is growing up. B. EDUCATIONAL PROFILE Jail began schooling at the age of 3 h at the MAC Interiors School. The following year, she was transferred to the La Immaculate Conception School, where she was enrolled in preschool. She has stayed at the same school ever since. During preschool, Jail was observed to be restless and did not listen to her teachers. During skills because she did not know how to read and write yet. By Grade 1, she was able to write her name and read 3-letterheads. However, her mother reported that Jail only learned to spell words during Grade 2. During the early grades she also had difficulty learning math and science. During Grade 3, Jail was enrolled in a Summon math class, and her mother reported that this was the only time that she started learning basic math operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication). At school, she ad difficulty remembering lessons and continued to struggle with reading. According to her mother, Jags grades were generally in the mid-ass range during Grades 1 to 3. During Grade 4, Jail received failing grades in her major subjects such as Math, English and Science. Her performance worsened during Grade 5. She had recently been failing all her subjects. Examination of her academic records for Grade 1 to Grade 4 revealed marks in the high ass to low ass. Before the school year 2011-2012 closes, her mother was advised by the Guidance Counselor that Jail could not be promoted to Grade 6 because of her consistent failures. If she would re enroll for the next school year, she would be readmitted to Grade 5 not Grade 6. Upon hearing this, Ajax s parents decided to transfer her to another school who would accommodate her in the Grade 6 level despite her academic performance. Jail was admitted the following school year in the Grade 6 level at SST. Bernard Academy less than a kilometer away from their house. However, after the first quarter and upon discovering that her books still remain unanswered and there seem to be no progress, her mother decided to transfer her again to another school nearby which can accommodate her disability. Ajax, was placed in the Grade 5 class of 8 students since the school does not have a Grade 6 class yet. It is a small school with a population of only 106 students. It is the only school within their area that accepts students with disabilities into the regular class. Most of her classmates are a year younger than her. She easily made friends especially with the girls. For reading activities, Jail was given a different reading material than her classmates. Considering that her reading only falls on the Grade 2 level, her teachers would give her reading material on the Grade 2 and Grade 3 level. She is also encouraged to participate in recitation especially in Filipino subjects. Jail is given journal writing activities to develop her writing and composition skills, however, she writes her Journal in Filipino. Some of her lessons would be given in the computer to differ the lesson presentation. To address her social deficits, she is involved in group classroom activities and from time to time assigned a peer to assist and encourage her. She also Joins school activities for further exposure. She exhibits no maladaptive behaviors except for occasions when she would be caught with a blank stare. To further develop self help skills, she is assigned household and personal chores to do at home as part of their PEP (Educations Panamanian at Panhandling) subject. To address her gross motor skills, she takes part in games and other physical activities as part of their Physical Education subject every Wednesday. Jail was placed into the mainstream program as recommend by the Developmental Pediatrician and the Developmental Psychologist who conducted her Psycho educational Assessment. Her parents also decided to transfer her to an inclusive school that cater to children with intellectual disability. Her current school being inclusive is sensitive to the needs of students with disabilities. In fact, it has several students with Autism, Developmental Delay and Learning Disabilities which are accommodated from preschool to Grade 5. The class size is relatively small to ensure a more personalize instruction and readily address other concerns. The staff has training on detecting learning disabilities and behavioral problems among children, teaching strategies and behavioral management. The students have been oriented about the characteristics of this rope of students and have been advice to accommodate and assist them. Aside from the regular class placement, she attends a SPED center three times a week for two hours for her Pull Out sessions in order to address more extensively her deficits in the different domains of learning. Unfortunately, many factors contribute to Jags mental retardation first was her prenatal condition which posed a great risk on her development. Her uncaring biological mother chain smoked throughout her pregnancy which might be the primary reason why Jail has mental retardation. Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy are more likely to show: decreased mental performance scoring at age one year, decreased academic performance scores in the school-age child, reduced I. Q. Increased learning difficulties (children were 25 percent more likely to have learning disabilities if their mother smoked greater than 20 cigarettes a day), increased hyperactivity and increased behavioral problems. There are many potential long term consequences for babies born to smoking mothers, although once an infant is born, its difficult to tell whether complications are caused by mooing during pregnancy or exposure to second hand smoke. An increase in cognitive and behavior defects, along with a 50 percent increase in mental retardation without known cause, are noted by DRP. Van Emmer. Second, her educational program particularly her early childhood teachers fail to recognize her disability at a young age thus the necessary intervention was not given to her. Early childhood teachers nowadays are trained to detect developmental delay in children and should be responsible enough to inform the parents of their childs behavioral and academic concerns. Ajax, being in the Mild to Moderate range in her cognitive functioning could probably be place in the secondary level for age appropriate placement and only for colonization purposes. The school must have an inclusive program for students with special needs and the focus of instruction would be more on the functional and vocational skills she would later need in early adulthood. A functional curriculum, sometimes referred to as a life skills curriculum, is designed to teach functional life skills, or in other words, the skills necessary to live, work, and have fun in an inclusive immunity (Buck; Brown et al. ,1979).